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PMS 448

PMS 448

Introduction

COVID-19 Refurb Guidelines

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Aviation

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Rhonda Test Page

ATTACHMENT A: TOOLS FOR REMOVING FUEL PORT WICK INDUSTRIES (SIDE PORT) STYLE 0218

1. Fuel Tank with Side Port "WICK"
2. Port Removal Tool (CDK)

 

3. Fuel Removal Tool (NRK)
4. Adapter Cap

 

5. Regulator

 

ATTACHMENT B   TOOL FOR REMOVING FUEL PORT FOR WATERAX STYLE 0218

Fuel tank with front port
1. Fuel can with front port
Port removal tool close up
2. Port removal tool close up

 

Port removal tool
3. Port removal tool
adapter cap
4. Adapter Cap

 

Regulator
5. Regulator

 

Model UsedCFFBP Van Wagner (1977) Modeling SystemSurface Fire Control Finney (1998) Modeling SystemCrown Fire Control Scott and Reinhardt (2001) Modeling System
Surface FireVan Wagner (1977) Integrated, empirical modelRothermel (1972)Rothermel (1972)
Crown Fire SpreadVan Wagner (1977) Integrated, empirical modelRothermel (1991)Rothermel (1991)
Crown Fire (Torching) Initiation Threshold Spread RateVan Wagner (1977)Van Wagner (1977)Van Wagner (1977)
Active Crown Fire Propagation Threshold Spread RateVan Wagner (1977)Van Wagner (1977)Van Wagner (1977)
Methods AppliedCFFBP Van Wagner (1977)Surface Fire Control Finney (1998)Crown Fire Control Scott and Reinhardt (2001)
Surface FireVan Wagner (1977) Integrated, empirical modelRothermel (1972)Rothermel (1972)
Crown Fire SpreadVan Wagner (1977) Integrated, empirical modelRothermel (1991)Rothermel (1991)
Crown Fire (Torching) Initiation Threshold Spread RateVan Wagner (1977)Van Wagner (1977)Van Wagner (1977)
Active Crown Fire Propagation Threshold Spread RateVan Wagner (1977)Van Wagner (1977)Van Wagner (1977)
Crown Fraction BurnedNatural Log function based on the difference between estimated spread rate and Initiation Threshold spread rate. 90% when estimated spread rate is 10m/min greater than Initiation Threshold spread rate.Natural log function based on the difference between the estimated surface spread rate and the Initiation Threshold rate. 0.9 when surface spread rate reaches 90% of difference between Initiation Threshold and Active Propagation threshold.Proportionally intermediate between 0 (surface fire) and 1.0 (active Crown Fire) based on input windspeed and where it falls between windspeeds at Initiation Threshold and Active Propagation Threshold spread rates.
Passive Crown Fire SpreadIntegrated within basic spread model for conifer & mixedwood fuel types. Fire type designated as Passive based on estimated Crown fraction Burned (see below).Surface Fire spread rate plus any spotting spread.Based on Crown Fraction Burned (CFB). Proportionally intermediate between surface spread rate and Active Propagation threshold, based on crown fraction burned plus any spotting spread.
Final Spread Rate with Active Crown FireIntegrated within basic spread model for conifer & mixedwood fuel types Fire type designated as Passive based on estimated Crown fraction Burned (see below).Proportionally intermediate between surface spread rate and Rothermel 1991 Model based on Crown Fraction Burned. Generally, less than half of Rothermel model rate.Spread Rate estimated directly from Rothermel 1991 crown fire spread model.
Fire IntensityByram (1959)Byram (1959) for Surface
Thomas (1963) for Crown		Byram (1959) for Surface
Thomas (1963) for Crown
Fire Type:
Surface
Passive
Active		Based on Crown Fraction Burned
<0.1 = surface
0.1 to <0.9 = passive
.9 to 1.0 = active		Based on Crown Fire Initiation and Propagation thresholds (see above)
Surface if ROS < Init. Criteria
Active if ROS > Active Crit.
Passive Between		Based on Crown Fire Initiation and Propagation thresholds (see above)
Surface if ROS < Init. Criteria
Active if ROS > Active Crit.
Passive Between
USWDS Paragraphs

NWCG Latest Announcements

Incident Position Standards and the Next Generation Position Task Books Now Available for UASD, UASM, UASL and UASP

Date: July 31, 2025
Questions?  Please contact:
Interagency Fire Unmanned Aircraft Systems Subcommittee
 

NWCG is excited to announce that Incident Position Standards and the Next Generation Position Task Books are now available for all four Unmanned Aircraft Systems positions:

  • Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Data Specialist (UASD)
  • Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Manager (UASM)
  • Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Module Leader (UASL)
  • Unmanned Aircraft Systems Pilot (UASP)

The Performance Support Packages for these positions were developed as part of the Incident Performance and Training Modernization effort. These resources support trainees, qualified personnel, and evaluators in their respective roles.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

NWCG Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Data Specialist Position Page

NWCG Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Manager Position Page

NWCG Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Module Leader Position Page

NWCG Unmanned Aircraft Systems Pilot Position Page

Incident Position Standards and the Next Generation Position Task Books Now Available for RADO and INCM

Date: July 30, 2025
Questions?  Please contact:
Incident Logistics Subcommittee
 

NWCG is excited to announce that Incident Position Standards and the Next Generation Position Task Books are now available for Radio Operator (RADO) and Incident Communications Center Manager (INCM).

The Performance Support Packages for these positions were developed as part of the Incident Performance and Training Modernization effort. These resources support trainees, qualified personnel, and evaluators in their respective roles.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

NWCG Radio Operator Position Page

NWCG Incident Communications Center Manager Position Page

ETC Equipment Bulletin: 25-004 NEW Aquatic Invasive Species – Golden Mussels

Date: July 29, 2025
Questions?  Please contact:
Equipment Technology Committee
 

The Equipment Technology Committee (ETC) issued Equipment Bulletin: 25-004, notifying the wildland fire community about a newly discovered invasive species and actions to take if found. Golden mussels, a highly invasive species recently identified in California, pose a significant risk to native ecosystems, infrastructure, and fire equipment. These mussels rapidly colonize hard and soft surfaces, including aquatic plants and fire equipment, clogging pipes, fouling motors, disrupting water systems, and impacting native species.

To help prevent their spread, fire personnel must follow the decontamination procedures outlined in the NWCG Guide to Preventing Aquatic Invasive Species Transport by Wildland Fire Operations, PMS 444. Additionally, report any sightings immediately to your Lead Resource Advisor and include clear, close-up photos and location details.

Read the complete ETC Equipment Bulletin: 25-004 to learn more. 

References:

NWCG Alerts

ETC Equipment Bulletin: 25-004

NWCG Guide to Preventing Aquatic Invasive Species Transport by Wildland Fire Operations, PMS 444

Incident Position Standards and the Next Generation Position Task Books Now Available for ICT5 and FFT1

Date: July 29, 2025
Questions?  Please contact:
Incident Command Subcommittee
Incident Operations Subcommittee

NWCG is excited to announce that Incident Position Standards and the Next Generation Position Task Books are now available for Incident Commander Type 5 (ICT5) and Firefighter Type 1 Squad Boss (FFT1).

The Performance Support Packages for these positions were developed as part of the Incident Performance and Training Modernization effort. These resources support trainees, qualified personnel, and evaluators in their respective roles.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

NWCG Incident Commander Type 5 Position Page

NWCG Firefighter Type 1 Squad Boss Position Page