Type of shovel specifically designed for use in constructing a fireline; has a tapered blade with both edges sharpened for scraping, digging, grubbing, cutting, and throwing.

Actions taken on a wildfire that has exceeded the initial response.

An incident that exceeds the capability of the initial attack resources and/or organization to successfully manage the incident to conclusion.

A fire edge that crosses a control line or natural barrier intended to confine the fire.

A fire edge that crosses a control line or natural barrier intended to confine the fire.

Winds which are generated over a comparatively small area by local terrain and weather. They differ from those which would be appropriate to the general pressure pattern.

Large scale winds caused by high- and low-pressure systems but generally influenced and modified in the lower atmosphere by terrain.

Small scale convective winds that occur due to local heating and cooling of a natural incline of the ground.

A strategy for controlling smoke from prescribed fires that minimizes the amount of smoke output per unit area treated.

The transfer of heat by the movement of a gas or liquid; convection, conduction, and radiation are the principal means of energy transfer.