Skip to main content

Fire Effects Monitor

FEMO Incident Position Description

The Fire Effects Monitor (FEMO) is responsible for collecting incident status information from personal observations at the incident, and providing this information to the module leader, crew boss, and other fireline supervisor as directed. The information may include but is not limited to fire perimeter location, onsite weather, fire behavior, fuel conditions, smoke, and fire effects information needed to assess firefighter safety and whether the fire is achieving established incident objectives and requirements. The FEMO reports to their crew supervisor on a wildfire or the Firing Boss (FIRB) or Burn Boss (RXB1/2) on a prescribed fire.

Leadership Level 1, Follower (Provide Action)

  • For additional information review Level 1 description, expected behaviors and knowledge, suggested development goals, and self-study opportunities.

Prepare and Mobilize

  • Ensure individual readiness.
  • Obtain appropriate work materials, supplies, and equipment to complete assignment.
  • Gather critical information pertinent to the assignment.
  • Review Incident Action Plan (IAP) or Prescribed Fire Burn Plan.
  • Obtain briefing, objectives, and intent from supervisor.

Build The Team

  • Review the monitoring plan prior to implementation.
  • Establish and communicate chain of command, reporting procedures, risk management processes, and radio frequency management.
  • Establish a common operating picture with supervisor.
  • Participate in operational briefings as directed.
  • Review agency wildland fire procedures, policies, and regulations related to position.
  • Establish and maintain positive interpersonal and interagency working relationships.

Perform Fire Effects Monitor-Specific Duties

  • Collect appropriate fuel, soil, and vegetation samples for moisture analysis.
  • Monitor, obtain, and record weather data.
  • Recognize and report atmospheric characteristics that influence fire behavior.
  • Monitor and record fire behavior data throughout the fire management operation.
  • Plot fire progression on a map and record estimates of rates of spread, flame length, and general fire behavior.
  • Monitor and map ongoing ignitions including burnout or backfire operations and note fire behavior characteristics.
  • Monitor and record smoke dispersion and air quality information.
  • Assist in preparing maps.
  • Review the project objectives, monitoring plan, or management objectives as appropriate. Communicate concerns to supervisor.
  • Adjust actions based on changing information and evolving situation awareness. Communicate changing conditions to supervisor.
  • Determine location of assignment, types of information required, priorities, time limits for completion, methods of communication and documentation, and method of transportation.
  • Recon the ignition unit or assigned area.

Communicate and Coordinate

  • Follow established processes and chain of command for collecting, producing, and distributing information.
  • Communicate effectively using multichannel radios. Prepare and program radios for assignment. Use plain language and Incident Command System (ICS) terminology.
  • Communicate effectively with supervisor, fire operations staff, crew members, and adjoining resources.
  • Maintain communication with immediate supervisor while moving around the incident area.
  • Conduct and/or participate in After Action Reviews (AAR).

Manage Risk

  • Apply the Risk Management Process as stated in the NWCG Incident Response Pocket Guide (IRPG), PMS 461:
    • Identify Hazards
    • Assess Hazards
    • Develop Controls and Make Risk Decisions
    • Implement Controls
    • Supervise and Evaluate
  • Conduct monitoring and observation operations according to the 10 Standard Fire Orders, 18 Watch Out Situations, and Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, Safety Zones (LCES).
  • Immediately report any condition that may cause danger or be a safety hazard to personnel. 

Document

  • Crew Time Report (CTR), SF-261 (Watch: How to correctly fill out a CTR)
  • Document first order fire effects related to fire treatment or management objectives and constraints.
  • Provide completed observation logs or forms for weather, fire behavior, fuel conditions, and fire effects as assigned. Summarize observations as requested by supervisor.

Demobilize

  • Demobilize and check out.
  • Ensure incident and agency demobilization procedures and work/rest driving standards are followed.

Return to top

USWDS Paragraph Bundles

Please Provide Feedback

Indicates required field

NWCG values your constructive input and we thank you for taking the time to provide feedback.

Although contact information is optional, we hope that you provide a way for us to contact you in case we need clarification on your comment. If you would like to be contacted regarding your feedback, you must provide contact information. 

Would you like a response?
If you would like a response, you must provide contact information (name and email) below.
CAPTCHA
Image CAPTCHA
Enter the characters shown in the image.
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Last Modified / Reviewed:

NWCG Latest Announcements

Updated! L-280, Followership to Leadership (Instructor-led) Course

Date: October 3, 2024
Questions? Please contact:
Leadership Committee

NWCG is pleased to announce the updated L-280, Followership to Leadership (Instructor-led) course is now available. L-280 is intended for operational personnel at the Firefighter Type 1 level, and for individuals pursuing Leadership Level 2, New Leader. 

This instructor-led course is a primer on leadership and the second formal course in the Wildland Fire Leadership Development Program. It helps emerging leaders build the confidence, skills, and mindset needed to lead effectively in high-risk environments. 

For more information about leadership development and available courses, visit the Leadership Committee Web Portal.

References:

L-280, Followership to Leadership (Instructor-led)

Wildland Fire Leadership Development Program

Wildland Fire Learning Portal

Equipment Advisory 25-01: Pre-2006 Fire Shelter Degradation and Discontinuation of Use

Date: Sept 26, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Equipment Technology Committee 

The Equipment Technology Committee (ETC) has released Equipment Advisory 25-01: Pre-2006 Fire Shelter Degradation and Discontinuation of Use. This advisory recommends all pre-2006 fire shelters should be removed from service by January 1, 2026.

This advisory recommends firefighters and fire managers to:

  • Inspect fire shelters immediately
  • Replace and destroy any pre-2006 shelters (identified by white or pink insert label)
  • Order replacements as needed

For further details, please refer to the complete advisory. 

References:

Equipment Advisory 25-01: Pre-2006 Fire Shelter Degradation and Discontinuation of Use

NWCG Fire Inspection Flowchart, PMS 411-1

NWCG Alerts

NEW! S-219, Firing Operations (Blended) Now Available

Date: Sept 11, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Fuels Management Committee 

The S-219, Firing Operations (Blended) course is now available on the Wildland Fire Learning Portal. Developed through the Incident Performance and Training Modernization (IPTM) effort, this training supports individuals working towards Firing Boss, Single Resource (FIRB) incident qualifications.

This blended course combines online and instructor-led training to provide students with the knowledge and skills required to perform the duties of the FIRB, as described in the NWCG Incident Position Standards for Firing Boss, Single Resource, PMS 350-105.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

S-219, Firing Operations (Blended)

NWCG Firing Boss, Single Resource Position Page

Wildland Fire Learning Portal

NWCG Committees Observe Suicide Prevention Awareness Week: September 7-13, 2025

Date: Sep 5, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Mental Health Subcommittee

The NWCG Mental Health Subcommittee (MHSC) and Risk Management Committee (RMC) recognize the unique challenges and demands faced by the wildland fire community. The MHSC and RMC know that we are all stronger together and believe in fostering a culture of support, understanding, and resilience.

Suicide Prevention Awareness encourages us to actively connect with and support each other. For more information that could make a difference for yourself or someone else please review the materials and resources provided for the 2025 Suicide Prevention Awareness Week.

References:

2025 Suicide Prevention Awareness Week Materials and Resources