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Fire Effects Monitor

FEMO Incident Position Description

The Fire Effects Monitor (FEMO) is responsible for collecting incident status information from personal observations at the incident, and providing this information to the module leader, crew boss, and other fireline supervisor as directed. The information may include but is not limited to fire perimeter location, onsite weather, fire behavior, fuel conditions, smoke, and fire effects information needed to assess firefighter safety and whether the fire is achieving established incident objectives and requirements. The FEMO reports to their crew supervisor on a wildfire or the Firing Boss (FIRB) or Burn Boss (RXB1/2) on a prescribed fire.

Leadership Level 1, Follower (Provide Action)

  • For additional information review Level 1 description, expected behaviors and knowledge, suggested development goals, and self-study opportunities.

Prepare and Mobilize

  • Ensure individual readiness.
  • Obtain appropriate work materials, supplies, and equipment to complete assignment.
  • Gather critical information pertinent to the assignment.
  • Review Incident Action Plan (IAP) or Prescribed Fire Burn Plan.
  • Obtain briefing, objectives, and intent from supervisor.

Build The Team

  • Review the monitoring plan prior to implementation.
  • Establish and communicate chain of command, reporting procedures, risk management processes, and radio frequency management.
  • Establish a common operating picture with supervisor.
  • Participate in operational briefings as directed.
  • Review agency wildland fire procedures, policies, and regulations related to position.
  • Establish and maintain positive interpersonal and interagency working relationships.

Perform Fire Effects Monitor-Specific Duties

  • Collect appropriate fuel, soil, and vegetation samples for moisture analysis.
  • Monitor, obtain, and record weather data.
  • Recognize and report atmospheric characteristics that influence fire behavior.
  • Monitor and record fire behavior data throughout the fire management operation.
  • Plot fire progression on a map and record estimates of rates of spread, flame length, and general fire behavior.
  • Monitor and map ongoing ignitions including burnout or backfire operations and note fire behavior characteristics.
  • Monitor and record smoke dispersion and air quality information.
  • Assist in preparing maps.
  • Review the project objectives, monitoring plan, or management objectives as appropriate. Communicate concerns to supervisor.
  • Adjust actions based on changing information and evolving situation awareness. Communicate changing conditions to supervisor.
  • Determine location of assignment, types of information required, priorities, time limits for completion, methods of communication and documentation, and method of transportation.
  • Recon the ignition unit or assigned area.

Communicate and Coordinate

  • Follow established processes and chain of command for collecting, producing, and distributing information.
  • Communicate effectively using multichannel radios. Prepare and program radios for assignment. Use plain language and Incident Command System (ICS) terminology.
  • Communicate effectively with supervisor, fire operations staff, crew members, and adjoining resources.
  • Maintain communication with immediate supervisor while moving around the incident area.
  • Conduct and/or participate in After Action Reviews (AAR).

Manage Risk

  • Apply the Risk Management Process as stated in the NWCG Incident Response Pocket Guide (IRPG), PMS 461:
    • Identify Hazards
    • Assess Hazards
    • Develop Controls and Make Risk Decisions
    • Implement Controls
    • Supervise and Evaluate
  • Conduct monitoring and observation operations according to the 10 Standard Fire Orders, 18 Watch Out Situations, and Lookouts, Communications, Escape Routes, Safety Zones (LCES).
  • Immediately report any condition that may cause danger or be a safety hazard to personnel. 

Document

  • Crew Time Report (CTR), SF-261 (Watch: How to correctly fill out a CTR)
  • Document first order fire effects related to fire treatment or management objectives and constraints.
  • Provide completed observation logs or forms for weather, fire behavior, fuel conditions, and fire effects as assigned. Summarize observations as requested by supervisor.

Demobilize

  • Demobilize and check out.
  • Ensure incident and agency demobilization procedures and work/rest driving standards are followed.

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NWCG Latest Announcements

NEW! S-290, Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior (Blended) Available Now

Date: Aug 15, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Fire Behavior Subcommittee

NWCG is excited to announce that the S-290, Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior (Blended) training is now available on the Wildland Fire Learning Portal. S-290 (Blended) training combines online training and instructor-led training components that support individuals working towards any Single Resource Boss or Fire Effects Monitor incident qualifications.

This second course in the series collectively serves to develop fire behavior prediction knowledge and skills, and provides more detailed information on fuels, weather, and topography that affect wildland fire behavior for safety purposes.

Students are required to finish the prerequisite S-190, Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior, before enrolling in S-290, Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior (Blended).

References:

S-290, Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior (Blended)

S-190, Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior

Wildland Fire Learning Portal

NEW! S-271, Helicopter Crewmember (Blended) Now Available

Date: Aug 14, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Interagency Helicopter Operations Subcommittee

The S-271, Helicopter Crewmember (Blended) is now available. Developed through the Incident Performance and Training Modernization (IPTM) effort, this training supports individuals working towards Helicopter Crewmember (HECM) incident qualifications. 

S-271, Helicopter Crewmember (Blended) training combines online training and instructor-led training components. This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to perform the duties of the HECM position, as described in the NWCG Incident Position Standards for Helicopter Crewmember, PMS 350-22.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

S-271, Helicopter Crewmember (Blended)

NWCG Helicopter Crewmember (HECM) Position Page

Wildland Fire Learning Portal

Incident Position Standards and Next Generation Position Task Books Now Available for FBAN and LTAN

Date: Aug 13, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Fire Behavior Subcommittee

NWCG is excited to announce that Incident Position Standards and Next Generation Position Task Books are now available for Fire Behavior Analyst (FBAN) and Long Term Fire Analyst (LTAN).

The Performance Support Packages for these positions were developed as part of the Incident Performance and Training Modernization (IPTM) effort. These resources support trainees, qualified personnel, and evaluators in their respective roles.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

NWCG Fire Behavior Analyst Position Page

NWCG Long Term Fire Analyst Page

ETC/RMC Safety Bulletin: 25-001 New Guidance on Laundering Wildland Fire Clothing to Reduce Contamination

Date: Aug 8, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Equipment Technology Committee
 Risk Management Committee

The Equipment Technology Committee (ETC) and the Risk Management Committee (RMC) have issued Safety Bulletin 25-001: Laundering to Decontaminate Wildland Fire Clothing. Recent research revealed that wildland fire flame-resistant pants and shirts can be contaminated with chemicals from combustion byproducts, including carcinogens, and that common laundering practices can effectively remove these harmful contaminants from wildland firefighter clothing more effectively than previously understood. It is recommended to decontaminate wildland fire clothing as frequently as possible. 

Frequently Asked Questions about this new information and how to implement recommendations can be found on the NWCG Alerts page. Read the complete ETC/RMC Safety Bulletin: 25-001 to learn more. 

References:

NWCG Alerts

ETC Safety Bulletin: 25-001

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) on Laundering to Decontaminate Wildland Fire Clothing

Equipment Technology Committee

Risk Management Committee