Personnel, Contractors

Single Engine Airtanker (SEAT)

SYSTEM: SEAT, Personnel (Contractors)

Sub-System	Hazards	Pre-Mitigation			Mitigation	Post-Mitigation
Sub-System	Hazards	Probability	Severity	Risk Level	Mitigation	Probability	Severity	Risk Level
Human Factors	Ground support personnel fatigue and workload	Likely	Critical	Extremely High	Ensure contractor compliance with rest and duty limitations (DOT and contract) for ground support personnel so as not to overextend (company and agencies are both responsible to monitor closely). Utilize additional crew members as necessary. Monitor number of aircraft being loaded and mitigate additional workload per loader.	Unlikely	Critical	Medium
	Pilot fatigue	Almost Certain	Critical	Extremely High	SEMGs work with vendor personnel to ensure adequate rest between shifts. Manage missions to be most effective for incident, with proper use of aircraft. Consider phase duty limitations as appropriate.	Unlikely	Moderate	Medium
	Pilot - poor decision making: multi-tasking, mission focus, sense of urgency, peer pressure	Almost Certain	Critical	Extremely High	Ensure that these items are addressed in the contract pre-work meeting and re-enforced in the daily air base briefings, post mission briefings or whenever the need is identified. All personnel involved in operations should recognize hazardous situations or behavior. Communicate issues or concerns. Recognize fatigue, hunger, illness or other issues that may be causing poor decision making and mitigate as needed.	Unlikely	Critical	Medium
	Acceptance of high-risk missions and activities as normal	Likely	Catastrophic	Extremely High	Emphasize importance of situational awareness to recognizing risk. Consider providing risk management training for the pilot and crew. Re-address complacency and self-discipline in daily airbase briefings. Review risk management workbook and/or vendor SMS manual on a regular basis.	Possible	Critical	High
	Poor CRM with crew rotations; crew rotation may affect aircraft/equipment knowledge in-brief	Likely	Critical	Extremely High	Make effort to ensure that contractor relief personnel arrive at base prior to relief cycle with sufficient overlap time to receive good in-brief from primary personnel.	Possible	Critical	High
	Single pilot workload may be considered to be excessive based on demands that he/she be able to operate several cockpit equipment items during mission performance (i.e., multi-tasking overload.)	Almost Certain	Critical	Extremely High	Complete thorough pre-flight planning. Minimize radio traffic. Follow sterile cockpit rules. Utilize aerial supervision if available to reduce cockpit workload. Utilize AFF. Allow time to program frequencies prior to launch. Conduct AARs, sand table and on ground CRM Exercises, incorporating operations personnel.	Possible	Critical	High
	Conflicting and/or difficult personalities	Likely	Critical	Extremely High	If individuals cannot professionally resolve differences, managers and supervisors must take immediate action. Brief/debrief, employ CRM, provide and receive honest and objective feedback, maintain positive attitude. Maintain professionalism and mission focus at all times.	Possible	Critical	High
Pilot Training and Experience	Lack of fire mission training and lack of proficiency flight time	Likely	Catastrophic	Extremely High	Vendors have instituted training programs such as CRM, risk management, and flight safety with the intent to standardize cockpit procedures. Develop training center for fire environment and make available for vendor use. Other training includes aircraft performance and limitations. Provide opportunities for new and experienced pilots to attend NAFA training.	Possible	Catastrophic	High
	High number of target fixation and tactical maneuvering errors	Likely	Catastrophic	Extremely High	Company training plans should address human factors including target fixation, situational awareness, task overload, and performance/tactical planning errors. Plan training simulations prior to and throughout fire season.	Possible	Critical	High
	Lack of training in firefighting strategy, tactics, terminology, basic ICS, frequency management, etc.	Likely	Critical	Extremely High	Establish training courses for pilots to meet basic level of firefighting knowledge for all contracts. Encourage contractors to take online basic wildland firefighting courses. Provide opportunities for attendance at NAFA. When available have a Level I pilot mentor a level II pilot.	Possible	Critical	High
	Inadequate flight experience	Possible	Catastrophic	Extremely High	Adhere to existing contract requirements requiring contractors to validate pilots' experience and training. SEMG must be familiar with the level of the pilot and their restrictions. Continue to provide opportunities for SEAT pilots to attend NAFA and other fire-specific aviation training. Develop, implement, and support a pilot mentoring program.	Unlikely	Critical	Medium
Ground Support Training	Not all mixers, loaders and fuelers are adequately trained and qualified	Possible	Critical	High	Ensure that contractors provide adequate training to ground personnel on mixing of fire chemicals and fueling of aircraft prior to fire assignment. Provide training documentation to agency aviation managers during pre-work meetings.	Unlikely	Critical	Medium
New Technology	Lack of familiarity with technology, inability to utilize and operate equipment	Possible	Critical	High	Ensure all vendor personnel are trained in the function and operation of newer technology, equipment, and systems prior to implementation and utilization.	Unlikely	Critical	Medium

Download the Word version (docx) of this information and the Risk Assessment Matrix (pdf) to use with the Risk Assessment Worksheet (docx).

Last Modified / Reviewed: April 25, 2024

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NWCG Latest Announcements

Incident Position Standards and the Next Generation Position Task Books Now Available for PROC and TIME

Date: July 17, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Incident Business Committee

NWCG is excited to announce that Incident Position Standards and the Next Generation Position Task Books are now available for Procurement Unit Leader (PROC) and Time Unit Leader (TIME).

The Performance Support Packages for these positions were developed as part of the Incident Performance and Training Modernization (IPTM) effort. These resources support trainees, qualified personnel, and evaluators in their respective roles.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1 update, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

NWCG Procurement Unit Leader Position Page

NWCG Time Unit Leader Position Page

National Wildland Firefighter Day

Date: July 2, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
National Interagency Fire Center

The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) recognizes July 2, 2025, as National Wildland Firefighter Day (NWFFD). Established in 2022, NWFFD honors the dedication of wildland firefighters and support personnel. This day falls within the 2025 Week of Remembrance (June 30 - July 6), providing an opportunity to renew our commitment to wildland firefighter safety while remembering those who have fallen in the line of duty.

NWCG provides leadership to enable interoperable wildland fire operations among federal, state, local, Tribal, and territorial partners. NWCG standards and training establish common practices to contribute to safe, effective, and coordinated interagency wildland fire operations nationwide.

References:

Week of Remembrance

National Wildland Firefighter Day

2025 Week of Remembrance

Date: June 27, 2025
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6 Minutes for Safety Subcommittee

As we approach the 2025 Week of Remembrance (WOR), June 30–July 6, we dedicate this time to reflect on the past incidents from 2015 and honor the fallen through learning. Since its inception in 2014, WOR has honored wildland firefighters who made the ultimate sacrifice while encouraging critical discussions that reinforce lessons learned.

Throughout the week, we encourage thoughtful and generative conversations—whether in briefing rooms or at tailgates—that promote a culture of continuous learning and safety.

References:

2025 Week of Remembrance: Letter to Leadership

Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center

ETC Equipment Bulletin: 25-003 Flame-Resistant Shirt Survey

Date: June 12, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Equipment Technology Committee

The U.S. Forest Service National Technology and Development Program (NTDP) is seeking input on the Forest Service-designed flame-resistant (FR) shirt, currently available through the National Interagency Support Cache system and FedMall.

NTDP is conducting a product review to improve future FR shirt designs. As part of this effort, a short survey is now open for federal employees who have worn any of three recent FR shirt models. Feedback will guide design improvements to better meet the needs of wildland firefighters.

To comply with the Paperwork Reduction Act, responses are limited to federal employees. The survey is open through September 12, 2025.

References:

NWCG Alerts

ETC Equipment Bulletin: 25-003

National Wildfire Coordinating Group

PMS 530-1

PMS 530-1

Personnel, Contractors

Single Engine Airtanker (SEAT)

SYSTEM: SEAT, Personnel (Contractors)

NWCG Latest Announcements

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References:

References:

References:

NWCG

National Wildfire Coordinating Group

PMS 530-1

PMS 530-1

Personnel, Contractors

Single Engine Airtanker (SEAT)

SYSTEM: SEAT, Personnel (Contractors)

NWCG Latest Announcements

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References:

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References:

NWCG National Wildfire Coordinating Group

NWCG

National Wildfire Coordinating Group