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Inspection and Care

Reviews of past fire shelter deployments have shown that some firefighters deployed fire shelters that had been damaged through years of normal use. Periodic inspections throughout the fire season would have prevented these fire shelters from being deployed in life-threatening situations.

What Happens to Fire Shelters When They Are Carried?

Equipment specialists from National Technology and Development Program (NTDP) inspected shelters and their polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags to determine what happens to shelters carried by firefighters. Some inspected fire shelters appeared to have had little wear, while others showed more extensive wear.

Inspection of these shelters revealed a correlation between the condition of a shelter and the wear shown on the PVC bag.

Three common signs of excessive wear visible on the PVC bag include:

  • The bag has turned dark gray
  • The presence of holes
  • The presence of water or condensation

A PVC bag turns dark gray when aluminum rubs off the shelter onto the inside of the bag. The more aluminum that rubs off, the more likely the shelter has been damaged. Simply carrying a fire shelter throughout a fire season could cause this kind of damage.

Holes in the PVC bag allow debris (ash, dirt, and sand) and water into the bag. Debris inside the bag abrades the shelter’s outer layers. Large and/or many small holes in the PVC bag increases the likelihood debris will enter and damage the shelter.

The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Equipment Technology Committee (ETC) released an Equipment Advisory with instructions on how to retrofit the PVC bag. Shelters retrofitted correctly will have a ¼-inch slit at each pull tab of the red tear strip. These slits should not be considered holes during an inspection. Refer to the Equipment Advisory for retrofitting information.


A white film or dust on the aluminum foil is a sign of corrosion, an indicator that water entered the PVC bag. A fire shelter with signs of corrosion may be difficult to shake open during deployment. Water may also break down the laminate bonds between the aluminum foil and the silica and fiberglass cloth, even causing the folded shelter to stick together, hindering deployment.

Person's hands holding a shelter in a transparent carrying case.

Figure 1 You should inspect your fire shelter once you receive it and periodically throughout the season.

In some cases, the PVC bags show signs of extensive wear, but the shelters inside are still serviceable. In these cases, the shelter may be rebagged.

Use the NWCG Fire Shelter Inspection Flowchart  to determine whether a shelter is serviceable, should be rebagged, or taken out of service (see Figure 1).

Rebagging may extend the service life of a fire shelter. Fire shelters must be assessed using the inspection flowchart. Shelters that do not meet the inspection criteria for rebagging should be removed from service.

What You Should Inspect

  • Inspect the fire shelter and PVC bag looking for damage and wear. Shelters and bags than do not pass the Fire Shelter Inspection Flowchart should be removed from service.
  • Check the red tear strip and the score line on the PVC bag to ensure it is unbroken and the two red pull rings are intact. If the red tear strip or rings are broken, remove the shelter from service. To assess any openings along the score line, refer to the Fire Shelter Inspection Flowchart.
  • Person's hands sliding a shelter out of a blue carrying bag

    Figure 2 Check that your shelter slides in and out of the liner easily. If not, replace the liner with a new one.

    Inspect the hard plastic liner that protects your shelter when carried in your fireline pack, or the carry case if you use one. Check to see if the shelter slides easily in and out of the liner (see Figure 2). If the liner has been exposed to 165 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, it can shrink, causing the shelter to become difficult to remove. If the shelter is difficult to remove from the liner, replace the liner with a serviceable one.

  • Shelters that have been removed from service make excellent training aids but should be clearly marked “OUT OF SERVICE FOR TRAINING ONLY” and stored separately from line-going shelters so they do not accidentally reach the fireline (see Figure 3).

    A metallic shelter in a clear bag labeled Out of Service Used For Training Only

    Figure 3 An out of service shelter used for training only.

    The shelter has an indefinite shelf life because its materials do not degrade in normal storage. Nevertheless, all shelters should be inspected when they are issued and frequently throughout the fire season. Only serviceable fire shelters should be taken to the fireline. Don’t assume that a new carrying case contains a new shelter. Shelters with the oldest manufacture dates should be issued first to prevent an accumulation of older manufacturing dates in caches.

 

DO NOT SEND FIRE SHELTERS TO BE REBAGGED

THAT DO NOT MEET THE INSPECTION FLOWCHART CRITERIA

There are two fire shelter manufacturers and the PVC bag manufacturer that may be used for rebagging fire shelters. Local units are responsible for making arrangements to have their fire shelters rebagged. For more information about rebagging shelters, contact one of the following:

  • Anchor Industries Inc., in Evansville, IN | Website | Phone: 812–867–2421
  • Freedom Manufacturing LLC, in Saratoga Springs, NY | Website | Phone: 518–584–0441
  • Weckworth Manufacturing, Inc., in Haysville, KS | Website | Phone: 800–533–8368

Fire Shelter Inspection 

 

 

NWCG Latest Announcements

NEW! Incident Performance and Training Modernization Story Map Now Available

Date: Aug 26, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
National Wildfire Coordinating Group

NWCG is excited to announce the launch of the Incident Performance and Training Modernization (IPTM) Story Map, a new interactive resource that showcases how NWCG is transforming wildland fire training and qualifications through a performance-based system.

Since its launch in 2023, IPTM has made major strides in updating how we manage incident positions:

  • 36 incident positions now have new Incident Position Standards and Next Generation Position Task Books available for field use
  • 6 more incident positions are nearing completion
  • 111 total incident positions are being analyzed through the IPTM initiative

The Story Map guides you through the IPTM process, highlights key accomplishments, and outlines what’s ahead. Whether you are a trainer or a trainee, this tool offers valuable insight into the modernization effort shaping the future of wildland fire training and qualifications.

This effort would not be possible without the contributions of NWCG staff, NWCG committees, and hundreds of subject matter experts across the wildland fire community.

References:

IPTM Story Map

Incident Performance and Training Modernization Webpage

NEW! S-290, Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior (Blended) Available Now

Date: Aug 15, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Fire Behavior Subcommittee

NWCG is excited to announce that the S-290, Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior (Blended) training is now available on the Wildland Fire Learning Portal. S-290 (Blended) training combines online training and instructor-led training components that support individuals working towards any Single Resource Boss or Fire Effects Monitor incident qualifications.

This second course in the series collectively serves to develop fire behavior prediction knowledge and skills, and provides more detailed information on fuels, weather, and topography that affect wildland fire behavior for safety purposes.

Students are required to finish the prerequisite S-190, Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior, before enrolling in S-290, Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior (Blended).

References:

S-290, Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior (Blended)

S-190, Introduction to Wildland Fire Behavior

Wildland Fire Learning Portal

NEW! S-271, Helicopter Crewmember (Blended) Now Available

Date: Aug 14, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Interagency Helicopter Operations Subcommittee

The S-271, Helicopter Crewmember (Blended) is now available. Developed through the Incident Performance and Training Modernization (IPTM) effort, this training supports individuals working towards Helicopter Crewmember (HECM) incident qualifications. 

S-271, Helicopter Crewmember (Blended) training combines online training and instructor-led training components. This course is designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to perform the duties of the HECM position, as described in the NWCG Incident Position Standards for Helicopter Crewmember, PMS 350-22.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

S-271, Helicopter Crewmember (Blended)

NWCG Helicopter Crewmember (HECM) Position Page

Wildland Fire Learning Portal

Incident Position Standards and Next Generation Position Task Books Now Available for FBAN and LTAN

Date: Aug 13, 2025
Questions? Please contact:
Fire Behavior Subcommittee

NWCG is excited to announce that Incident Position Standards and Next Generation Position Task Books are now available for Fire Behavior Analyst (FBAN) and Long Term Fire Analyst (LTAN).

The Performance Support Packages for these positions were developed as part of the Incident Performance and Training Modernization (IPTM) effort. These resources support trainees, qualified personnel, and evaluators in their respective roles.

Any changes to qualification pathways will take effect with the next update of the NWCG Standards for Wildland Fire Position Qualifications, PMS 310-1, scheduled for January 2026.

References:

NWCG Fire Behavior Analyst Position Page

NWCG Long Term Fire Analyst Page